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en gammafördelning är en allmän typ av statistisk fördelning som är relaterad till betafördelningen och uppstår naturligt i processer för vilka väntetiderna mellan Poisson-distribuerade händelser är relevanta. Gammafördelningar har två fria parametrar, märkta och
, av vilka några illustreras ovan.,c0a5aa4824″>
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for , where
is a complete gamma function, and
an incomplete gamma function., Med
ett heltal är denna distribution ett specialfall som kallas Erlang-distributionen.,02b6″>
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Now let (not necessarily an integer) and define
to be the time between changes., Then the above equation can be written
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(13)
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for . This is the probability function for the gamma distribution, and the corresponding distribution function is
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(14)
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where is a regularized gamma function.,
det implementeras på Wolfram-språket som funktion GammaDistribution.,id=”c43570dc99″>
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giving moments about 0 of
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(19)
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(Papoulis 1984, p., 147).,iv>
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The gamma distribution is closely related to other statistical distributions., If ,
, …,
are independent random variates with a gamma distribution having parameters
,
, …,/div>
Also, if and
are independent random variates with a gamma distribution having parameters
and
, then
is a beta distribution variate with parameters
., Båda kan härledas enligt följande.,
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where is the beta function, which is a beta distribution.,
If and
are gamma variates with parameters
and
, the
is a variate with a beta prime distribution with parameters
and
.,iv>
The ratio therefore has the distribution
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(50)
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which is a beta prime distribution with parameters .,
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where is the Pochhammer symbol.,0822e6ea8″>
so the cumulants are
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(63)
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If is a normal variate with mean
and standard deviation
, then
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(64)
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is a standard gamma variate with parameter .,